Suffolk County Community College
HS-12: Western Civilization II Section 3255
Spring, 2003: Tuesday/Thursday
2:00-3:15 PM, Room MA 313, Western Campus
John D. White, Instructor
Click at right for backup and reference site: http://johndwhite.net)
Cell phone: (631) 495-6172 Office hours: by appointment or as announced
Text: The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures
Volume II: Since 1340A Concise History
by Lynn Hunt, Thomas R. Martin, Barbara H. Rosenwein, R. Po-Chia Hsia, Bonnie G. Smith
ISBN 0-312-40208-2 © 2003 Bedford/St. Martins, publisher
No man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main. If a clod be washed away by the sea, Europe is the less, as well as if a promontory were, as well as if a manor of thy friend's or of thine own were. Any man's death diminishes me because I am involved in mankind; and therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee. . . .
from Meditation 17 by John Donne, 1624
All wars are civil wars, because all men are brothers... Each one owes infinitely more to the human race than to the particular country in which he was born.
--François Fenelon, theologian and writer (1651-1715)
The student's grade is based on the following criteria
10%: Student participation and attendance. Promptness and alert presence for the entire class period affects the quality of the class experience for all. Come prepared to receive and contribute throughout the scheduled time to gain the maximum benefit. Arriving late or leaving early each count as ½ of an absence.
10%: Reading quizzes given at the beginning or end of the class (no makeups).
10%: Student presentations to the class (brief oral reports).
10%: Written assignment due April 10.
10%: Audiovisual journal due May 8
50%: Three tests given according to the schedule listed below.
January 23: Review, discussion of the West and its world-wide connections up to 1715.
January 28: Chapter 14: The Atlantic System and Its Consequences: 1690-1740 (571-590)
January 30: Chapter 14, continued: (590-609)
February 4: Chapter 15: The Promise of Enlightenment, 1740-1789
February 6: Chapter 15, continued (634-649)
February 11: Chapter 16: The French Revolution and Napoleon,1789-1815
February 13: Chapter 16, continued (677-699)
February 18: Test #1, Chapters 14-16
February 20: Chapter 17: Industrialization and Social Ferment, 1815-1850
February 25: Chapter 17, continued (721-751)
February 27: Chapter 18: Constructing the Nation-State, 1850-1880
March 4: Chapter 18, continued (774-801)
March 6: Chapter 18, continued (with video presentation)
March 11: Chapter 19: Empire, Modernity, and the Road to War, 1880-1914
March 13: Chapter 19, continued
NOTE: March 14 is mid-semester and last date to receive a W if withdrawal form has been submitted.
March 18: Chapters 20: War, Revolution, and Reconstruction, 1914-1929
March 20: Chapter 20, continued (879-905)
March 25: Test #2: Chapters 17-20
March 27: Chapter 21: An Age of Catastrophes, 1929-1945
April 1: Chapter 21, continued: (923-934)
April 3: Chapter 21, continued: (935-949)
April 8: Chapter 22: The Atomic Age, 1945-1960
April 10: Chapter 22, continued: (971-978)
April 14-April 20 Spring recessno classes
April 22: Chapter 23: Challenges to the Postindustrial West, 1960-1980
April 24: Chapter 23, continued: (1009-1025) and oral reports
April 29: Chapter 24: The New Globalism: Opportunities and Dilemmas, 1980 to the Present
May 1: Chapter 24, continued: (1039-1053) and oral reports
May 6: Chapter 24, continued: (1054-1066) and oral reports
May 8: Video presentation and oral reports
May 13: Last class meeting [optionally, oral reports and review NOTE: final examination covers Chapters 21-24: time and date to be announced)
[May 15-16=College make-up dates, only if necessary because of college-wide closing.]
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ENLIGHTENMENT HIGHLIGHTS:
I. Astronomy and other science
1632----Leiden, Holland establishes the first observatory
1633----Galileo was condemned by the Inquisition
1637----Copenhagen establishes first national observatory
1639----English astronomers Crabtree & Horrocks observe the first transit of Venus
1647----First map of the moon published by Hevelius
1655----Titan, Saturn's main satellite is observed by Christian Huygens
1659----Huygens observes markings on Mars for the first time
1663----James Gregory introduces the principle of the reflecting telescope
1665----Isaac Newton experiments with light and gravitation
1666----Jean Cassini observes the Martian polar caps for the first time
1667----Cassini named Director of the newly founded Paris National Observatory
1675----England establishes the Royal Greenwich Observatory (basis of worlds time)
1682----French philosopher Pierre Bayle's "Thoughts on the Comet" uses rationalism to dispel superstitions about comets
1687----Newton's "Principia" published
1704----"Opticks" by Isaac Newton is published
1705----Halley predicts the comet will return in 1758
II. Architecture and other technology
1656----Huygens invents a clock using a pendulum
1664----France begins building 150 mile Canal du Midi
1667----Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini completes Rome's Piazza San Pietro (Saint Peter's Square) after 11 years
1670----Jules Hardouin-Mansart designs the classical architecture for Les Invalides
1670----Andre Lenoitre, a landscape architect stakes out the plans for the Champs Elysees in Paris
1675----Work begins rebuilding St. Paul's Cathedral after the London fire of 1666 by Christopher Wren
1679----Sweden's Skokloster castle completed this year
1683----Charlottenborg Palace in Copenhagen finished this year; will eventually house the Danish Royal_Academy of Arts
1683----Christopher Wren designs Picadilly Circus and St. James Place
1693----Russian Church of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin is finished
1694----Austrian architect Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach completes Moravia's Frain Castle
1697----Fischer von Ehrlach completes Vienna's Palace of Prince Eugene
1698----Hardouin-Mansart lays out the statue of Louis XIV in the middle of the Place Vendome
1698----Build by Inigo Jones in 1622, London's Whitehall burns down
1700----Work begins on building the first lighthouse at Eddystone, England
1702----Fischer von Erlach completes Salzburg's Church of the Holy Trinity
1704----By this year, Sir Christopher Wren has designed 52 churces in London including London's Christ Church
1705----Construction of Blenheim Palace in Woodstock, Oxfordshire begins
1710----Baldassare Longhena's baroque Palazzo Ca'Pesaro in Venice is completed after his death
1712----Fischer von Erlach completes Vienna's Trautson Palace and the next year, Prague's Clam-Gallas Palace
1640s: English settlements in Southampton, Southold, Islip
1642-1651--England's Civil Wars
1644--Torricelli invents the barometer
1647--The Society of Friends (Quakers) founded in England by George Fox
1648--Peace of Westphalia ends Thirty Years' War
1648--The outbreak of the Fronde (revolt of the nobility) in France1649--King Charles I of England is executed
1659--The first Navigation Act in England
1654-1666--Russo-Polish Wars
1660--English monarchy is restored
1661--Louis XIV begins his personal rule at age 14
1663--Eight proprietors are granted Carolina in the New World by Charles II
1664--The English and the French become rivals over India
1664--New Netherlands is annexed by England
1666--Great Fire of London
1669--Niagara Falls discovered
1670--Hudson Bay Company formed (English)
1672--The laws of gravity defined by Isaac Newton
1672--France invades Rhine as Dutch open dikes to flood Amsterdam to keep it from French rule1673--England's Test Act excludes Roman Catholics from holding office
1675-1676--The Indian Wars of King Philip are staged in New England
1677-1681--First Russo-Turkish War
1679--Habeas Corpus Act (England)
1682--William Penn establishes Pennsylvania
1682--LaSalle claims Louisiana for France
1682--Louis XIV moves government and court to Versailles
1683--Vienna falls to the Great Turkish Siege
1685--Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
1688--England's Glorious Revolution
1689--England's Bill of Rights
1689-1697--European Nine Years' War becomes a world-wide event
1690--Ireland's Battle of Boyne
1693--National debt begins in England
1694--Bank of England founded
1698--Tsar Peter the Great begins his European travels
1699--Treaty of Karlowitz ends Autro-Turkish War 1700-1721--Great Northern War
1701--Elector of Brandenburg becomes King in Prussia 1701-1715--War of Spanish Succession
1701--England's Act of Settlement
1702-1713--Queen Anne's War
1703--St. Petersburg established
1703--England and Portugal sign Methuen Treaty
1704--Gibraltar taken by English
1705--Barcelona is captured by English navy
1707--Union between Scotland and England under the name of "Great Britain"
1708--British East India Co. and New East India companies merged
1709--Peace negotiations at the Hague
1710--Russia's first budget
1712--Peace congress opens at Utrecht Checklist of key terms: Chapter 15: The Promise of Enlightenment
· p. 611: Ideals of the Renaissance as stated by Catherine the Great
· Catherine's surprising start to become Russian tsarina
· 612: Enlightenment writer goals and what they opposed
· social class participation in spread of Enlightment; coffeehouses, Masonic lodges;
· new need for governments to respond to public opinion
· Voltaires opinion of peasant classes; democratic ideals in America and by 1789 in Europe
· "philosophes"
· range of writings of Rousseau & other Enlightenment writers
· 613: areas affected by the Enlightenment
· Kant's "sapere aude"
· Diderot's Encyclopedia goal:
· What reforms philosophes expected to happen because of the spread of knowledge
· Backgrounds of Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot, Émilie du Châtelet
· 614: relation to universities
· How Enlightenment ideas were spread
· Salon; Madame Geoffrin and Geoffrinize; -->615: women and salon movements in various countries
· blind faith, questioning believers, deists, atheists; charges/countercharges about religious fanaticism
· 616: Jean Calas's death and Voltaire; criticisms of church support for colonialism versus Indians and slavery (Raynal)
· Hume's racist views
· Voltaire and Diderot as successful reformers rather than revolutionaries
· Montesquieu's long-term influence (references to Britain)
· 617: emphases on [a] secular study of society (social sciences) [b] role of the individuals role vis-à-vis the group: beginnings of modernity [c] optimism about what reason could reveal
· Adam Smith's "...1776 Wealth of Nations" proposed a market economy: self-interest + laws of supply-and-demand versus
· 618: mercantilism; division of labor; laissez-faire, free trade; (see quote in italics); limited role for government (security)
· Rousseau: dangers posed to the individual by societys own institutions: "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains." Favored simple rural life over sophistication of the Enlightenment ideals. "The Social Contract" however suggested-->
· 619: individuals should surrender some freedoms for the general good and society should guarantee them or lose its right to exercise controls (rejecting royal governments, tradition, or religions roles): anti-slavery
· 620: Rousseau inspired French Revolution and Marxism to achieve general will and greatest good of all; vague on individual civil rights, however
· The Enlightenment thrived in middle and upper classes and areas moving toward constitutional government (esp. Holland and Britain) and in France despite official hostility of the rulers and Catholic Church (censoring books, actual jailing of popular figures)
· 621: taboo status of Enlightenment ideas increased their popularity & smuggling; in Prussia led by Lessing, Moses Mendelssohn and Immanuel Kant, whose The Critique of Pure Reason is a major text of modern philosophy (idealism based on Lockes empiricism PLUS categories of understanding.)
· 622: reaction against "reason" in the new romanticism: value of dangerous and sentimental erotic passions and dramatic expressions of love, fondness for nature and rural life: Rousseau's racy Confessions, Goethe's "The Sorrows of Young Westher"
· the Protestant awakening of the 1740s including utopian communities, esp. in Germany
· Jewish revivalism and Hasidim (Baal Shem Tov)--> 623: exuberant, emotional, informal
· The Wesleys and Methodism: Stressed Pentecostal-type emotional, personal conversion for common peopleàlife of moral cleanliness and self-discipline; emphasized electric healing and congregational singing (Charles wrote 100s of hymns and devotional poesm)
· Nobles were divided re the Enlightenment but middle classes supported it strongly (Masonic membership, etc.); lower classes got jobs and goods
· Nobles try to better themselves: seigneurial dues--> 625: taxed peasants, restricted their rights (examples on 625); aristocratic dress and special privileges (church, courts, etc.) Catherine IIs Charter of the Nobility; middle class defined
· 626: professionals, bourgeoisie growth, Freemasons and their roles (papal opposition); grand tours, neoclassical architectural revival and décor; Josiah Wedgwoods Queensware pottery;
· 627: rococo or sans-souci style; popular hunger for classical music grows-->sponsorship of composers and orchestras-->628: Haydn (Esterházys), Beethoven, Mozart; popularity of novels, newspapers: Richardson, et al.
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